On-campus study pods offer private, flexible learning spaces designed to provide controlled thermal and acoustic environments within busy university settings. This study presents a systematic materials selection process for the key components of a compact, modular, weather-exposed study pod designed for 2–4 students. Using the Ashby methodology, six application-specific performance indices were derived to optimize stiffness-to-weight, strength-to-weight, wear resistance, thermal insulation, thermal expansion compatibility, and cost efficiency. Realistic design constraints, including self-weight, occupancy loads, wind pressure, and deflection limits, were applied alongside outdoor durability, acoustic comfort, and sustainability requirements. The optimal materials identified are 5000-series aluminium alloys for the structural frame, a multilayer sandwich configuration (treated softwood/bamboo outer layer, rigid polyurethane foam core, and cork inner layer) for enclosure panels, plywood and polypropylene for seating and desks, and treated bamboo/plywood with polycarbonate options for roofing. Quantitative comparisons demonstrate up to 35–40% mass reduction for the aluminium frame versus stainless steel and 3–5 times lower heat transfer for cork/PU foam panels compared with untreated wood. The selected materials balance structural performance, thermal and acoustic comfort, recyclability, and economic feasibility while supporting circular-economy principles. Limitations and future validation pathways, including finite element analysis and prototype testing, are discussed.